A likert scale template is a psychometric tool that is used to analyze peoples attitudes towards various services more quantitatively. This is a complete guide on 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,and 10 point likert scale, questionnaire examples, analysis and how to interprete all types of likert. Likert scale definition, examples and analysis simply psychology. Symonds 1924 implied that the optimal reliability is with a 7point scale. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype scales j. The asterisk indicates those items that are reversed prior to computing the total score for the scale. Clemson university frequency 7 point 1 never 2 rarely, in less than 10% of the chances when i could have. How to analyse and interpret a 7 point likert scale. For example, if it is a 5point survey the answer will be between 1 to 5 on how you feel on a certain issue, for a 7point survey the answer you would give is based on 1 to 7. It is a measuring scale or a tool used to determine the opinions, behaviors and perceptions of individuals or consumers. The option tool, developed for use in general practice or family medicine 80 to measure evidence of sdm, uses a fivepoint likert scale strongly agree to strongly disagree for 12 items identified as required components of an sdm consultation box 493. Some researchers consider likert scale as an interval scale, while the others mention.
For numerical analysis, the classic fivechoice likert response options can be converted into. According to bissonnette 2007, likert scale was named after inventor, psychologist resins likert. The provision of number of scale points, 5 point or 7 point, would be more engaging to the minds of respondents when the items on the scale carry the statement. Create a visual uniformity by applying a typeface or font family to the. For example, a statement might be caravaggio was a brilliant painter, and the surveytaker has a set of choices like strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. Three good reasons not to use five and seven point likert. Assign each response a point value, from 1 to 5 or 1 to 7, depending on how many possible responses there are. Assign each response a point value, from 1 to 7, based on the number of responses. Most researchers would not use a 3point likerttype scale with a statistical technique requiring interval data. Abstract the likert scale is commonly used in survey research using primary and secondary data to measure the respondent. The likert scale analysis using parametric based structural equation modeling sem zainudin awang 1, asyraf afthanorhan2, mustafa mamat3 1,2,3 faculty of economics and management sciences,universiti sultan zainal abidin kampus gong badak, 20 kuala terengganu, malaysia.
The gratitude scale is a brief measures that is based in part on the gratitude questionnaire gq6. Organization development interventions and activities. Like in the previous example, this four point scale doesnt have a zero value. If there are more than that, the increases in reliability would be so. That opinion is expressed on a fivepoint scale with the midpoint representing a neutral opinion, and the other four choices expressing mild or moderate and strong agreement or disagreement. Jus journal template the journal of usability studies. Robert warmbrod1 abstract fortynine percent of the 706 articles published in the journal of agricultural education from 1995 to 2012 reported quantitative research with at least one variable measured by a likerttype scale. Typically respondents are asked to agree or disagree to a statement often referred to as likerttype items. Likert scales typically range from 2 to 10 with 3 or 5 being the most common. In its final form, the likert scale is a five or seven point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype. Usability metrics, likert scales, surveys, fivepoint, seven point, 7point.
Developed in 1932 by rensis likert 1 to measure attitudes, the typical likert scale is a 5 or 7point ordinal scale used by respondents to rate the degree to which they agree or disagree with a statement table. The constructs for erm structure were measured using a 5 point likert scale. Rating scale items are characterized by closedended response options. Seven point likert items suffer from response style bias. Common values for the options start with strongly disagree at. Further, this progressive structure of the scale is such that each successive likert item is treated as indicating a better response than the preceding value. Simultaneously, it is also subjected to a lot of debates. The 7point likert scale is also a good format to use if the questionnaire is being circulated online. The likert scale was developed by psychologist rensist likert in 1932. Analyzing and interpreting data from likerttype scales. One of the most common scale types is a likert scale.
Further, 5point likert scales might not be refined enough to assess a participants precise evaluation of a mechanism. Younger children, however, may do better with a 3point scale or a simple dichotomous question. The likert scale templates are the best tools to create survey sheets to measure the exact feeling of. The original scale was a 7point agreement scale used to measure respondents agreement with a variety of statements. Likert scale data, on the other hand, are analyzed at the interval measurement scale.
Robert warmbrod1 abstract fortynine percent of the 706 articles published in the journal of agricultural education from 1995 to 2012 reported quantitative research with at least one variable measured by a likert type scale. Survey questions using the same structure but a different set of options such as on a scale of 1 to 5 how likely are. Having seven points tends to be a good balance between having enough points of discrimination without. It is believed that most people can think about or visualize 5 or 7 ordered options easily. Our express purpose is to form students who, upon graduation, are grounded in ethical and moral values and prepared to engage and lead in a complex and global world. Likert scale templates can be used to prepare good likert scale of a survey or research. You wont see seven point scales very often, but we have actually used one on this site. Items 1 and 2 were adapted from mccullough, emmons, and tsang 2002. This all depends on the psychometric properties of the measure that you are using. Some scholars advocate an odd point scale where respondents can have a neutral middle. There are at least three good reasons why likert items in general, and seven point likert items specifically, can be a dangerous default choice for survey researchers. Various kinds of rating scales have been developed to measure attitudes directly i. Organization development interventions and activities questions iiv please indicate, on the line provided, the extent to which you are currently using or have been engaged or involved in, within the last three years, the following interventions and activities.
Likert scale examples for surveys iowa state extension. Use and misuse of the likert item responses and other. Likerttype scale response anchors peru state college. The likert scale, named for rensis likert pronounced lickurt who published a seminal report describing its use, possibly is the most widely employed form. Most commonly, a 5 or 7 point scale is used for likert items. Likert, and likerttype, responses are popular psychometric item scoring schemes for attempting to quantify peoples opinions on different issues. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likert type scales j. The object of the scale was to measure a respondents opinion or attitude towards any given subject. A likert scale is commonly used to measure attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, values, and behavioral changes. Create likert scale sheets 15 free templates for excel. Likert scale questionnaire examples for 4, 5 and 7 point ratings for agreement a likert scale for agreement is used for respondents to specify their level of agreement or disagreement on a symmetric agreedisagree scale for a series of statements. See more ideas about therapy, 5 point scale and scale.
Some survey designers do not include the slightly options on the agree or disagree side. The other options must be distinct and should add value to the scale in such a way that respondents can provide precise feedback without any. Absract the ease of likert scale on its contruction as a measurement scale of individual traits must be cautioned to prevent some errors in the data analysis. Likert scale examples for surveys iowa state university. There is much debate over the use of a 5point scale vs. The short answer is that 7point scales are a little better than 5pointsbut not by much. A likerttype scale involves a series of statements that respondents may choose from in order to rate their responses to evaluative questions vogt, 1999. Mead point in a distribution ordinal scale on no effect of outliers mode most common value. On the other hand, 7point likert scales are equipped to record more accurately, but still manage to remain compact.
Analyzing likert data the journal of extension joe. Four is an even number, and if we were to add a zero value to a four point scale, it would lose its symmetry. A psychometric response scale primarily used in questionnaires to obtain participants preferences or degree of agreement with a statement or set of statements. This may differ in cases where reverse ordering of the likert scale is needed. For example, if it is a 5 point survey the answer will be between 1 to 5 on how you feel on a certain issue, for a 7 point survey the answer you would give is based on 1 to 7. Likert scale items are created by calculating a composite score sum or mean from four or more type likerttype items. Even and odd likert scale odd forces decision to separate out the critical few on which to focus attention. A psychometric evaluation of 4point and 6point likert.
Likert scale is applied as one of the most fundamental and frequently used psychometric tools in educational and social sciences research. To measure the frequency of occurrence in such a way that respondents can provide precise feedback without any hindrances. Likert scale was developed by likert in 1932 and it was based on the principle of asking people to give their response by choosing among available series of statements concerning a given topic or subject. Likert scales are widely used in surveys to have an. The questionnaires are made in excel form and respondents are required to give their views indicating whether they strongly agree, or they strongly disagree. Today, a likert scale is typically used to define any 7item, bipolar scale. Likert scales are scales that measure agreement with a statement in a survey. A high score indicates a high need for achievement. Likert scale definition, examples and analysis simply. This scale of measuring satisfaction will offer 7 answer options such as satisfied and dissatisfied as the poles along with a neutral option at the midpoint.
A likert type scale involves a series of statements that respondents may choose from in order to rate their responses to evaluative questions vogt, 1999. Different measurement models were fit by confirmatory factor analyses of a. The following scale is measured on the 6point likert scale. A psychometric evaluation of 4point and 6point likerttype scales in relation to reliability and validity lei chang university of central florida reliability and validity of 4point and 6point scales were assessed using a new modelbased approach to fit empirical data. The psychometric literature suggests that having more scale points is better but there is a diminishing return after around 11 points nunnally 1978. The likert scale originated with rensis likert, and has a long history of use in kinesiology research, 14, 24. Cpsc 681 topic report dane bertram likert scales 1 page likert scale \lickurt\, n. The original instrument had 10 efficacy items and used a 4point likert scale. It might be a paperbased form and asked to fill in an answer to a question based on how strong you feel.